War Machine is a new Netflix film about General Stanley McChrystal (called Gen. Glen McMahon in the film, but see note at the bottom.) He's the general Obama fired after an incendiary 2010 Rolling Stone article, by Michael Hastings.
Whatever you think of War Machine , there's one scene that Americans can only dream about - Tilda Swinton plays a German legislator who questions the general in Berlin. I've written out this brief (under 4 minutes) interrogation. (I haven't been able to figure out if something like this actually happened. The character Michael Hastings is sitting in the audience as well when this takes place, so perhaps it was in the book the movie is based on and comes from an actual event.)
German politician: General, the US invaded Afghanistan because of the al-Qaeda attacks on September 11th. This is correct sir? General: Yeah German politician: You have been speaking to us now for 45 minutes and yet in all of that time you have only mentioned al-Qaeda once. Your own vice president has advocated a much smaller and simpler counterterrorism approach to incapacitate what is estimated to be a little more than 100 al-Qaeda fighters that still remain in Afghanistan to refocus on what it was that started this war in the first place. General: Ah. German politician: Your analysis of the insurgency there suggests to me there is no monolithic Taliban. You are spread over the entire country. You are fighting 1,000 separate battles with locals whose principal ideological position would seem to be simply that they don’t want foreign soldiers in their village. And that, General, you must know, is a war you will never win. General: Ah. Uh, with all due respect, ma’am. Uh I must beg to differ. I firmly believe, having traveled to all corners of the country, having spoken with many people from many walks of life . . . that what these people want is the very same thing that you and I want. Hmmm? Freedom, security, stability, jobs. Progress is being made. Real Progress. But challenges do remain. German politician: Yes, I understand all of that, General. And . . .and , please let me say quite sincerely that I do not question the goodness of your intent. I have been listening to you here this morning, and, uh. . . I believe you are a good man. I do. What I question is. . . your belief in your power to deliver these things that you describe. I question your belief in the power of your ideals. General: Ah, well. . .
German politician: I think what I am trying to say, and I apologize, General, if this is sounding impolite, but I question your sense of self.
General: I appreciate your commentary. I do. But I have a job to do. German politician: Yes, I understand, And I also have a job to do. And I’m trying to do mine. As an elected representative of the people of Germany, it is my job to ensure that the personal ambitions of those who serve those people are kept in check. You have devoted your entire life, General, to the fighting of war. And this situation in Afghanistan, for you, it is the culmination of all your years of training, all your years of ambition. This is the great moment of your life. General: Well. . . . German politician: It’s understandable to me that you should have, therefore, a fetish for completion to make your moment glorious. It is my job, however, to ensure that your personal ambitions are not entirely delusional and do not carry with them an unacceptable cost for everybody else. (emphasis added.)
The closest we have to someone like this is Elizabeth Warren, though she isn't quite as calm and polite. And how long do we have to wait for the rest of our Congress to get some backbone and remember who they serve?
"Tilda Swinton has an interesting, if slightly supercilious, cameo as a German politician who questions the general about his personal motivation."
A more positive NY Times review says that another of the characters seems to be Gen. Michael T. Flynn.
I'd note that perhaps the movie makers originally considered actually naming the main character Gen. Stanley McChrystal. I say this because when I googled the cast, I got google's quick answer (top in screenshot below) which listed Brad Pitt as "General Stanley McChrystal." But when you go to the cast listed by IMDb (bottom in screenshot below) Brad Pitt is listed as playing Gen. Glen McMahon.
I can't find anything on line that explains this - whether they were going to use the general's real name and then changed their minds or whether google just messed it up or something else.
I'd also note that Michael Hastings, the author of the Rolling Stone article and the book this movie comes from, died in a strange car crash in Los Angeles. A long New York Magazine article examines Hasting's life and career in an attempt to unearth the cause of the accident, from conspiracy to suicide to accident. It doesn't declare a cause, but seems to lean towards Hastings being out of control in his life rather than someone tried to kill him.
Pope Francis gave President Trump a gift - his encyclical on the climate, which was released in June 2015. The Washington Post highlighted what they identified as "ten key excerpts." The whole encyclical is 165 pages, so this is obviously a very abbreviated version. I suspect it would be more likely that Trump would have just read these ten points, than the whole encyclical the Pope gave him.
Most of these are sorely lacking from the public policy debates in the United States, and those that get into our discussions need a lot more thoughtfulness.
Enjoy and think about how we can get this issues considered more there.
1) Climate change has grave implications. “Each year sees the disappearance of thousands of plant and animal species which we will never know, which our children will never see, because they have been lost forever,” he writes.
2) Rich countries are destroying poor ones, and the earth is getting warmer. “The warming caused by huge consumption on the part of some rich countries has repercussions on the poorest areas of the world, especially Africa, where a rise in temperature, together with drought, has proved devastating for farming.”
3) Christians have misinterpreted Scripture and “must forcefully reject the notion that our being created in God’s image and given dominion over the earth justifies absolute domination over other creatures.”
4) The importance of access to safe drinkable water is “a basic and universal human right.”
5) Technocratic domination leads to the destruction of nature and the exploitation of people, and “by itself the market cannot guarantee integral human development and social inclusion.”
6) Population control does not address the problems of the poor. “In the face of the so-called culture of death, the family is the heart of the culture of life.” And, “Since everything is interrelated, concern for the protection of nature is also incompatible with the justification of abortion.”
7) Gender differences matter, and “valuing one’s own body in its femininity or masculinity is necessary if I am going to be able to recognize myself in an encounter with someone who is different.”
8) The international community has not acted enough: “recent World Summits on the environment have not lived up to expectations because, due to lack of political will, they were unable to reach truly meaningful and effective global agreements on the environment.” He writes, “the Church does not presume to settle scientific questions or to replace politics. But I am concerned to encourage an honest and open debate so that particular interests or ideologies will not prejudice the common good.”
9) Individuals must act. “An integral ecology is also made up of simple daily gestures which break with the logic of violence, exploitation and selfishness,” he writes. We should also consider taking public transit, car-pooling, planting trees, turning off the lights and recycling.
10) By the way, why are we here on Earth in the first place? “What kind of world do we want to leave to those who come after us, to children who are now growing up?” he writes.
I recommend listening to the video while you read this. (I realize that Coltrane isn't a mass consumption product, but some of my readers must know this music.)
"Coltrane was one of the first tenor players to switch from the old plastic, black mouthpieces that made Coleman Hawkins famous to the silver metal ones. The old plastic ones were bigger and usually produced a heavy vibrato sound, whereas the new metal ones were smaller and elicited a more narrow tone.
The space for air to come into the horn is smaller (like the trumpet), and the trap of metal mouthpieces is to produce a “cold,” or modern, sound. JC chose to use a No. 5 reed (the wooden piece under the mouthpiece that vibrates), to counteract that problem; No. 5s are very hard pieces of wood.
That forced John to dig deeper into his abdomen for more air, but it produced a warmer sound. Hard work, but he was reaching for something new.
It turned into a simply gorgeous sound, full of empathy, passion and every emotion in the human condition — from the rage over four girls killed in the bombing of a church in a song called “Alabama” to the gentle feeling of photosynthesis in “After the Rain.”
Coltrane is so in my blood. Every time I go outside after a storm, I “hear” that melody."
He acknowledges other occupations also take their toll. He mentions Sandy Koufax's elbow and offered this tribute to construction workers. But in the end, he thinks it's worth it.
You know what, though? It’s all worth it. If you have to contort muscles to produce whatever you’re working on, so be it. That’s why high-rise buildings should have a plaque outside on the wall listing all the workers who built those skyscrapers … all of them.
And hopefully readers of this will have a new understanding and respect for the toll musicians pay for the love of their craft.
I've often wondered if the toll many Olympic athletes have to pay, or the children in China who are identified early and plucked out of their families to train to become perfect gymnasts or dancers, is worth it. Yes, virtuosity is thrilling both for the performer and the audience, but is it worth giving up so much that encompasses being human? I suspect the answer is different for different people. We give up some things and gain others. Many people have developed no skill at all and still live lives of pain, so why not go for it? Or would we be better off in balance with nature and follow the Greeks' advice on the golden mean? I think true artists push themselves in their pursuits of perfection. It's what they have to do.
In any case, think about the people who built that skyscraper, who sewed your pants, worked on your microwave and your cell phone. And enjoy the music, since it cost the musicians a great deal.
Trump apparently took his testosterone supplement today as demonstrated in this video from Politico where he shoves his way to the front of the photo op at NATO. Or is he just jealous of the attention Montana House candidate Gainforte got for knocking down a reporter?
During his visit to NATO headquarters, Trump moves in front of Montenegro Prime Minister Dusko Markovic to be in front of the group pic.twitter.com/kYDfshnVrp
He also went on to repeat his demands that all NATO members pay their 2% dues.
I realize that Trump gloms on to simplistic notions like this, but that doesn't mean that the rest of us have to accept his limited grasp of things.
I did some checking on the NATO formula in February of this year in response to a reader comment and it seems appropriate to repost the gist of it again today. The whole post includes a comment by a reader who says he was career army including as staff to National Security Council. This isn't a comprehensive study, but it does raise questions that Trump's simplistic 2% mantra misses.
"NATO - Basically they all say it’s more complicated than those numbers say:1. There are different NATO budgets. One is related to NATO non-military costs and each member pays according to a formula based on its GDP. In that area, countries are paying pretty much according to the formula. 2. The Congressional Research Service says the US gets plenty of benefits from NATO
“DOD has noted that the United States has benefitted from NATO infrastructure support for several military operations, including the 1986 air strike on Libya, Desert Storm, Provide Comfort, Deny Flight, peacekeeping activities in the Balkans, as well as military operations in Afghanistan and training in Iraq. Finally, the Pentagon notes that U.S. companies have been successful in bidding on NSIP [NATO Security Investment Program] contracts.”
3. When it comes to military contribution, the calculations include the total military expenditures for each country. Most of the NATO countries only have troops related to Europe and NATO. The calculation for the US includes all military spending world wide. It’s true that some of those forces can be brought in, if needed, to deploy in Europe. But it’s also true that the US troops in Europe are not solely to support NATO. They can if needed, but they also support US military missions in other places - like Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, etc. So the calculations of those expenses, which make the US contribution look huge (less than your $700 million figure, but more than your 20% figure), are misleading because those expenses are for much, much more than defense of NATO. "
There are several posts I should have done (and still should do) on the impact of Netflix on my movie viewing. Succinctly - we've spent a lot less time watching movies in theaters, but we've seen movies and tv shows that offer a much wider view of life, both in the US and beyond, than one normally gets at the cinema.
But I just want to mention a couple Netflix offerings here. Season 1 of Aziz Ansari's Master of None was a disappointment. It portrays the life of a Muslim Indian-American. The topics were good, but it just didn't have the crispness and bite I've come to expect on good Netflix series.
But this second season has a much different tone and I'd like to strongly suggest two episodes:
Season 2 - Episode 6: New York, I Love You
We barely see the main character. Instead we see glimpses of life in New York from the perspective of people who are outside the normal white, straight, able-bodied mainstream as they deal with life's obstacles because of being the outside the 'norm.' It's light, it's well done, and it has an important message for those of us who generally have a 'normal' pass.
Season 2 - Episode 8: Thanksgiving
Screenshot from Netflix
If you only want to watch one of these episodes, watch this one. Aziz, in this series, has several close, old friends. Denise is a black lesbian and up until this episode we didn't know why she was in Dev's (Aziz's character) circle.
This episode corrects that and fills us in on who she is. It covers a number of Thanksgiving dinners from the early 1990's (the second one is dated 1995, and I would guess Dev was about 8 or 9 in the first one) until the present. Dev was over because his family didn't really celebrate Thanksgiving, so Denise's mother invited him over for every Thanksgiving. We watch the two kids grow up together, including Denise coming out to Dev, and then her mom. And how that first Thanksgiving after she comes out is very awkward and how over the years the family becomes comfortable with her orientation and even her girlfriend. It's a wonderful show that takes on its own unique structure - compared to the the other episodes (except episode 2) which more or less follow a typical sitcom story arc. A very insightful episode.
Screenshot from Netflix
Hasan Minhaj - Homecoming King
Netflix filmed Daily Show correspondent, Hasan Minhaj's comedy show, at his performance in Davis, California, where he was born and raised. The audience is very supportive. Basically, he talks about how he became a comedian and all the bumps along the way as the US born son of Indian immigrants living in a mostly white area. There's a lot of humor and understanding to help us understand the anger he felt because of the way he was treated because he wasn't white. Again, insightful, and something white Americans should watch.
Is it a coincidence that Netflix has these two shows (Minhaj is just a single show, not a series) starring Muslim Indian-Amricans? (I'd love to track that down, but a quick online search didn't find the answer and if I'm going to get anything up today, that will have to be left for someone else.)
I also have to mention Midnight Diner - Tokyo Stories. This is a gem of a show with short, poignant episodes that give us glimpses into the lives of ordinary folks in Tokyo who work late and stop at the Midnight Diner on the way home. Each episode tells the story of a different person. As it tells their stories, it also reminds us that people are people everywhere - they just dress and speak differently, but under all the cultural camouflage, they're just human beings with the same kinds of needs and dreams and foibles of humans everywhere. This is such a charming show and each episode just takes 20 minutes or so. And the music is good.
Of course, you have to subscribe to Netflix, or know someone who does, to watch these. I resisted long enough and only joined so I could show my mom a movie, which turned out not to be on Netflix. But there were other good movies she enjoyed. And at about $9 per month (for online only, including dvd's is a little more), it's less than the price of one person at most theaters for one viewing. (Yes, I know, Anchorage's great Bear Tooth theater is less.)
There are lots and lots of interesting movies on Netflix, including many international films and television shows that give you a very different view of the world.
I went to Saturday afternoon's town hall with Senator Dan Sullivan. He's the only one of our three
congressional delegates who was willing to meet with the public like this in Anchorage during this recess period. And I want to thank him.
I ended up recording most of the town hall. But my computer rebelled when i tried to load all the video to iMovie. I negotiated with my laptop and it allowed me this 9 minute bit of video from Sullivan's report that preceded the Q & A.
I think this video does a reasonable job of portraying how Sullivan and the audience interacted. The majority were clearly opposed to what Sullivan stands for. Most of the questions were about health care - the first person asking if Sullivan knew how much it cost to have a baby in Anchorage and that pregnancy was defined as a pre-existing condition by the new House ACA replacement bill. The green and red pieces of paper people held up to show their approval or disapproval of what was being said, were predominantly not with Sullivan.
These were people who were very concerned about health care and strongly opposed to how the Republicans want to deal with ACA. They were boisterous, but for the most part respectful. The shouting and occasional chanting (particularly 'single payer, single payer') did not feel like disrespect as much as people wanting to be heard. They wanted him to listen to them as much, if not more, than they wanted to listen to him. The only person I thought sounded clearly disrespectful was someone near me who several times shouted out for people to 'shut up.'
I thought Sullivan came across as sincere and likable as a person, and he didn't have to hold this town hall, he also came across as someone with firm beliefs and people weren't going to change his mind on key things. In some cases it seems key terms meant one thing to the audience and something else to Sullivan. More exchange might have cleared that up. And the audience's use of their red and green cards did seem to get his attention. Several times he said things like, "I know I'm going to see lots of red cards when I say this. . ." Like many in today's polarized political map, liberals as well as conservatives, I just don't think he gets to hear in depth from people who don't agree with him. He mostly hangs out with people who do, or whose differences are even further to the right. It might be easier to have eight of these people from the town hall get to spend several hours talking to Sullivan over dinner rather than in this giant room.
This was in the Bartlett High School auditorium which Leslie at the Anchorage School District told me has a capacity of 628 people. (East High is 693 and West is 1918) I'd guess it was 70-80% full, maybe more. I took this picture (well, it's two pictures merged) about ten minutes before it started.
You can judge the audience's respectfulness yourself on the video. You can also check my impression that Sullivan tended toward generalities and platitudes and when he does use numbers they sound like they come from talking points to prove his position.
For instance, his answer to people calling for 'single payer' was 'no, because one size doesn't fit all." And thus, the states should run their own programs, not the feds. These answers don't inspire confidence of his understanding of all sides of the issue.
Or he argues that "we've had a flat economy, literally, for nearly 15 years."
Well, here's a chart of GDP growth (click on it to enlarge and focus). Flat? Maybe if you average all the years, but it sure looks like there are a lot of ups and downs. We can see things hovered around 4% when Clinton was president, then dropped precipitously when Bush came in. And Bush left Obama with a huge hole to fill. There's a nearly 5% increase from 2009 to 2010. He also doesn't mention how Obama was never given a chance to prove his policies because Congress stonewalled him after 2010.
That chart and others on GDP growth don't support his claim that the GDP didn't hit 3% in the last 15 years. The only sources that suggest that ("Barack Obama Will Be The Only President In History To Never Have A Year Of 3% GDP Growth") came from sites like Zerohedge about which Wikipedia says:
The Wikipedia entry goes on to say it was founded by a Bulgarian-born hedge-fund trader who was barred for insider trading and that the site is registered in Bulgaria.
And then he talks about the US's $20 trillion debt as if it were the approaching apocalypse. Yet this Business Insider article suggests it's not such a big deal. I'd need to do more homework on this, but I'm inclined to be skeptical about the ominous importance Sullivan puts on this. Is this a reason to cut the government or and excuse to cut it? And if the debt is so horrendous, why aren't Republicans considering ways to increase our revenues other than cutting taxes ('to stimulate the economy"). And why does Sullivan then tout the highway bill that spends $500 million + $50 million more each year for five years? That will just add to the deficit.
To Sullivan's credit, when people challenged his claim that the US had the highest corporate taxes in the developed world, he backed off and admitted that because of various deductions and loopholes, corporations don't actually pay that rate. But if he knew that, why did he make the misleading statement in the first place? This article confirms that the effective corporate tax rate is much lower..
I don't have time to fact check the whole town hall - I'm having way too much trouble even getting the video of the whole thing on my computer - but these few items that jumped out at me as squishy and proved to be so suggest other facts he cited are likely either questionable or misleading also.
You can listen to this part of the town hall. The questions - which I don't have on here - got more boisterous and many people seemed to be much more up on the facts than was Sullivan.
Here's my attempted transcript of the audio. I just cannot figure out what exactly he said in some parts. If you can, let me know in the comments.
Transcript
"I wanted to update on what’s going on. As you know it’s a chaotic time right now. The three areas that I want to talk about, that I focused on a lot, and I think most Alaskans want us to focus on
Economy
National security and defense
And assisting people who need help [This part is not on the video - he talks mainly about sexual assault and rape victims..]
CROWD: Health Care!
First, growing the economy. Right now, we’re in recession in Alaska. For me that’s the number one thing we can be focused on. Right now, in the US, we’ve had a flat economy literally for almost 15 years. That’s not good.
Crowd rumbling and red cards up.
So what I’ve been trying to do is focus on growing the US economy. Critical. Your ??? has not hit 3% GDP growth in almost 15 years. That’s a problem. Everyone in here, I’d hope, believes we need strong growth and that’s a important. If we’re growing, some of our bigger challenges we have in the state, we have in the country, we can tackle. If we’re growing at 1%, 1.5% we’ll have hard times with almost everything. Let me give you one example that I know nobody is going to ask me, but it’s a huge issue I’m focused on. Right now we have a $20 trillion debt. 20 trillion. ??? I have kids, ??all of you have kids, grandkids, if we don’t start growing the economy, on that issue we’re going to be the first generation that have left our kids and grandkids in much worse shape. $20 trillion we’ve got to focus on.
Crowd noise
C’mon guys, listen. Let’s try to keep, let me make my statement ????? and if you want to ask questions ?????
Let me tell you what we’re trying to do to grow the economy.
First, we just past, last year, a five year long term highway bill. That’s going to bring hundreds of millions, $500 million, each year it goes up about $50 million, $500, $550, $600, $650 over the next five years. That’s really important for the state, ??? bi-partisan President Obama signed it
The other thing we’ve been on is rolling back what I think are onerous regulations on the economy.
Crowd noisy.
Hey, come on. Don’t be the first group that doesn’t show respect.
In the Congress we’ve used the Congressional Review Act to roll back previously issued regulations.
Lots of crowd noise
And in my ???? focus on that. And I think this goes to growing the economy - very important
Another area we’re focused on is fisheries. Right now I chair the Subcommittee [on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard Coast Guard] fisheries for the US. We’ve just passed out of committee a Coast Guard bill that has a lot of important stuff in it for Alaska. We also passed out of committee,, these are all very bi-partisan, Save our Seas Act with Sen. Whitehouse on ocean debris, ocean plastics to make sure we’ll be able to clean up our oceans. We had really good success getting federal land to Alaska, very important issue, not huge amounts, even this town Anchorage10 acres to Anchorage just been sitting there, for years, Senators for Alaska have been trying to get it for decades,
these are things I think all grow the economy. It’s very important we should diversify the economy. No doubt?? telecom, tourism, ??? economy, aviation. But I will say this. I’m sure I will get some red cards on this I flatly believe it is bad for the state and bad for the country this movement you see in Washington, in the country, some parts of Alaska, to “keep it in the ground.” I’m sure most Alaskans agree with me on that.
Crowd noises
I’m sure some of you won’t agree with me on that.
Let me go to the next two - strong military, strong national defense.
When you pick up the paper there’s a lot of national security challenges - North Korea, Iran, Russia, ‘
Crowd noises
You guys crack me up.
Laughter
I’d like to say right now…. one of the things for our state I think is important is that it is being recognized more and more in Washington that Alaska constitutes what I’d say are three pillars of America’s military power. We’re the cornerstone of missile defense and that’s really important right now, given North Korean threat, the increasing Iran threat, if one of these rogue nations [?shoots a missile ???]….. anywhere in America, it could be Alaska, it could be New York, LA, it’s our men and women in uniform in Alaska that are charged with the capability to track that, shoot it down. You should all be proud of that.
I’ve got a bill that I plan to introduce next week that would actually make our missile defense even more robust. Very bi-partisan, most Democrats and Republicans recognize that we have to do more on missile defense. Kim Jong-un is gonna have a missile in the next couple of years, an intercontinental ballistic, nuclear missile, that could hit, ???a city in the ?? range to the United States. That’s a serious thing. We need to do more to protect the homeland. That’s all based here and is something you should be very proud of.
The second pillar is we’re the hub of air combat power. With the F-22s here at JBER, F-35’s coming to Eilson with a whole ‘nother amount of aircraft that we have throughout the state and the training we have here. We have more aircraft and assets to protect our nation’s interest in the Pacific and the Arctic than any place in the world and that’s gonna increase and that’s important.
And finally, we’re platform for expeditionary forces because of our strategic location to be able to deploy anywhere on a moment’s notice. In Fairbanks, that’s the first Stryker Brigade, it’s the many men and women in the reserves, and Army National Guard, and it’s called the 425 here, based at JBER and I’ll tell you one of the things I worked harder on than anything in my first year in the Senate. When I got into office, the previous administration said they were going to get rid of those 5000 men and women who constitute the only airborne brigade team in the entire Asia Pacific and the entire Arctic. And we fought that. Tooth and nail. And they’re here and they’re great men and women and we should all be proud of them. A final note on our military authority story? ….. there’s no where in the world, and I’m not saying this because I’m your senator, that has a stronger support for their military, than the communities in Alaska."
As for questions, well, if you wanted to ask one you wrote your name on a piece of white paper, maybe 2 inches by 1/2 inch. These all went into a huge jar. You can see from the picture that the odds of being called were pretty low.
The Boreal Herbal: Wild Food and Medicine Plants of the Northhas renewed my commitment to take advantage of the free, no effort crops growing in my back yard. Dandelions are the most productive such crop. So while the dandelions are still young and fresh, I've been incorporating some into my daily meals. Here's from breakfast yesterday.
The Alaska Press Club tweeted a link to 99% Invisible's show about Gene Chance and the Alaska earthquake of 1964. For good reason. This is a great show. Partly, of course, because it's about one of the most important events in our state history. But it's also a story about the power of radio.
I'd note that while this show is focused on Anchorage, but the earthquake was centered 75 miles away and most of the deaths were due to tsunamis that followed. Accounts I find online vary and don't identify Anchorage deaths which were low because no tsunamis hit Anchorage.
The quake took 131 lives and caused $350-500 million in property damage (One hundred twenty-two of the deaths were attributed to the tsunami.) The area of the damage zone (50,000 square miles) and the duration of the quake (3 to 4 minutes) were extraordinary.
(You might also note that NOAA says it lasted 3-4 minutes while the 99% Invisible story says 5 minutes.)
"The number of deaths from the earthquake totalled 131; 115 in Alaska and 16 in Oregon and California. The death toll was extrememly small for a quake of this magnitude due to low population density, the time of day and the fact that it was a holiday, and the type of material used to construct many buildings (wood)."
I searched the blog and there seems to be only one post that uses the word 'phlegm.' I mention only in passing and when on to other topics.
"My body is mostly back to normal, but there are still insurgents hiding, taking advantage of any weak points they can find. Fortunately for you, the Film Festival kept me too busy to do a post on phlegm."
Well, the film festival is in December, so this time phlegm gets its own post - in terms of its bodily functions as well as its spelling peculiarity.
"Mucus-producing tissue lines the mouth, nose, sinuses, throat, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. Mucus acts as a protective blanket over these surfaces, preventing the tissue underneath from drying out. "You have to keep them moist, otherwise they'll get dry and crack, and you'll have a chink in the armor," says Neil L. Kao, MD, associate professor of medicine at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine.
Mucus also acts as a sort of flypaper, trapping unwanted substances like bacteria and dust before they can get into the body -- particularly the sensitive airways. "You want to keep that environment, which is a sterile environment," free of gunk, says Johns. "Mucus is kind of sticky and thick. It's got viscosity to it that will trap things."
But mucus is more than just sticky goo. It also contains antibodies that help the body recognize invaders like bacteria and viruses, enzymes that kill the invaders it traps, protein to make the mucus gooey and stringy and very inhospitable, and a variety of cells, among other things."
In some ways, mucus is like government, we don't notice what it's doing for us most of the time. We only pay attention when something's wrong:
"Even when you're healthy, your body is a mucus-making machine, churning out about 1 to 1.5 liters of the stuff every day. Most of that mucus trickles down your throat and you don't even notice it."
There's a lot more at the link, particularly about when mucus becomes phlegm. An alternative site is My Sinus Story which basically tells the same story but with what seems like a bit more detail.
And about spelling. When I googled for words with silent 'g' I got a list 18 words that included words that started with 'gn' (i.e. gnat, gnash, etc.) and those that had 'gn' elsewhere (align, benign). So I asked for words with silent g before m. I got a website dedicated to Silent Letters in the English Language.
"When ‘g’ is before ‘m’ in the same syllable, it is generally silent. Some of the words are: There are 514 Words that contain ‘gm’. However ‘g’ is silent in the following words, only: apothegm(n), diaphragm(n), epiphragm(n), paradigm(n), phlegm(n), phlegmy(adj)."
I would note that while I have found the various forms of my phlegm this week to be interesting, I also feel there's enough of an ick factor that I took no pictures and thus offer you none. But we should be able to confront all aspects of our body as something of interest to study, don't you think?
It's pretty short and easy to read. There are ten sections, not more than four paragraphs each. You can read it yourself - courtesy of Cornell University Law School.
28 CFR Part 600 - GENERAL POWERS OF SPECIAL COUNSEL
§ 600.1 Grounds for appointing a Special Counsel.The Attorney General, or in cases in which the Attorney General is recused, the Acting Attorney General, will appoint a Special Counsel when he or she determines that criminal investigation of a person or matter is warranted and -
(a) That investigation or prosecution of that person or matter by a United States Attorney's Office or litigating Division of the Department of Justice would present a conflict of interest for the Department or other extraordinary circumstances; and
(b) That under the circumstances, it would be in the public interest to appoint an outside Special Counsel to assume responsibility for the matter.
§ 600.2 Alternatives available to the Attorney General.When matters are brought to the attention of the Attorney General that might warrant consideration of appointment of a Special Counsel, the Attorney General may:
(a) Appoint a Special Counsel;
(b) Direct that an initial investigation, consisting of such factual inquiry or legal research as the Attorney General deems appropriate, be conducted in order to better inform the decision; or
(c) Conclude that under the circumstances of the matter, the public interest would not be served by removing the investigation from the normal processes of the Department, and that the appropriate component of the Department should handle the matter. If the Attorney General reaches this conclusion, he or she may direct that appropriate steps be taken to mitigate any conflicts of interest, such as recusal of particular officials.
§ 600.3 Qualifications of the Special Counsel.(a) An individual named as Special Counsel shall be a lawyer with a reputation for integrity and impartial decisionmaking, and with appropriate experience to ensure both that the investigation will be conducted ably, expeditiously and thoroughly, and that investigative and prosecutorial decisions will be supported by an informed understanding of the criminal law and Department of Justice policies. The Special Counsel shall be selected from outside the United States Government. Special Counsels shall agree that their responsibilities as Special Counsel shall take first precedence in their professional lives, and that it may be necessary to devote their full time to the investigation, depending on its complexity and the stage of the investigation.
(b) The Attorney General shall consult with the Assistant Attorney General for Administration to ensure an appropriate method of appointment, and to ensure that a Special Counsel undergoes an appropriate background investigation and a detailed review of ethics and conflicts of interest issues. A Special Counsel shall be appointed as a “confidential employee” as defined in 5 U.S.C. 7511(b)(2)(C).
§ 600.4 Jurisdiction.(a)Original jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of a Special Counsel shall be established by the Attorney General. The Special Counsel will be provided with a specific factual statement of the matter to be investigated. The jurisdiction of a Special Counsel shall also include the authority to investigate and prosecute federal crimes committed in the course of, and with intent to interfere with, the Special Counsel's investigation, such as perjury, obstruction of justice, destruction of evidence, and intimidation of witnesses; and to conduct appeals arising out of the matter being investigated and/or prosecuted.
(b)Additional jurisdiction. If in the course of his or her investigation the Special Counsel concludes that additional jurisdiction beyond that specified in his or her original jurisdiction is necessary in order to fully investigate and resolve the matters assigned, or to investigate new matters that come to light in the course of his or her investigation, he or she shall consult with the Attorney General, who will determine whether to include the additional matters within the Special Counsel's jurisdiction or assign them elsewhere.
(c)Civil and administrative jurisdiction. If in the course of his or her investigation the Special Counsel determines that administrative remedies, civil sanctions or other governmental action outside the criminal justice system might be appropriate, he or she shall consult with the Attorney General with respect to the appropriate component to take any necessary action. A Special Counsel shall not have civil or administrative authority unless specifically granted such jurisdiction by the Attorney General.
§ 600.5 Staff.A Special Counsel may request the assignment of appropriate Department employees to assist the Special Counsel. The Department shall gather and provide the Special Counsel with the names and resumes of appropriate personnel available for detail. The Special Counsel may also request the detail of specific employees, and the office for which the designated employee works shall make reasonable efforts to accommodate the request. The Special Counsel shall assign the duties and supervise the work of such employees while they are assigned to the Special Counsel. If necessary, the Special Counsel may request that additional personnel be hired or assigned from outside the Department. All personnel in the Department shall cooperate to the fullest extent possible with the Special Counsel.
§ 600.6 Powers and authority.Subject to the limitations in the following paragraphs, the Special Counsel shall exercise, within the scope of his or her jurisdiction, the full power and independent authority to exercise all investigative and prosecutorial functions of any United States Attorney. Except as provided in this part, the Special Counsel shall determine whether and to what extent to inform or consult with the Attorney General or others within the Department about the conduct of his or her duties and responsibilities.
§ 600.7 Conduct and accountability.(a) A Special Counsel shall comply with the rules, regulations, procedures, practices and policies of the Department of Justice. He or she shall consult with appropriate offices within the Department for guidance with respect to established practices, policies and procedures of the Department, including ethics and security regulations and procedures. Should the Special Counsel conclude that the extraordinary circumstances of any particular decision would render compliance with required review and approval procedures by the designated Departmental component inappropriate, he or she may consult directly with the Attorney General.
(b) The Special Counsel shall not be subject to the day-to-day supervision of any official of the Department. However, the Attorney General may request that the Special Counsel provide an explanation for any investigative or prosecutorial step, and may after review conclude that the action is so inappropriate or unwarranted under established Departmental practices that it should not be pursued. In conducting that review, the Attorney General will give great weight to the views of the Special Counsel. If the Attorney General concludes that a proposed action by a Special Counsel should not be pursued, the Attorney General shall notify Congress as specified in § 600.9(a)(3).
(c) The Special Counsel and staff shall be subject to disciplinary action for misconduct and breach of ethical duties under the same standards and to the same extent as are other employees of the Department of Justice. Inquiries into such matters shall be handled through the appropriate office of the Department upon the approval of the Attorney General.
(d) The Special Counsel may be disciplined or removed from office only by the personal action of the Attorney General. The Attorney General may remove a Special Counsel for misconduct, dereliction of duty, incapacity, conflict of interest, or for other good cause, including violation of Departmental policies. The Attorney General shall inform the Special Counsel in writing of the specific reason for his or her removal.
§ 600.8 Notification and reports by the Special Counsel.(a)Budget.
(1) A Special Counsel shall be provided all appropriate resources by the Department of Justice. Within the first 60 days of his or her appointment, the Special Counsel shall develop a proposed budget for the current fiscal year with the assistance of the Justice Management Division for the Attorney General's review and approval. Based on the proposal, the Attorney General shall establish a budget for the operations of the Special Counsel. The budget shall include a request for assignment of personnel, with a description of the qualifications needed.
(2) Thereafter, 90 days before the beginning of each fiscal year, the Special Counsel shall report to the Attorney General the status of the investigation, and provide a budget request for the following year. The Attorney General shall determine whether the investigation should continue and, if so, establish the budget for the next year.
(b)Notification of significant events. The Special Counsel shall notify the Attorney General of events in the course of his or her investigation in conformity with the Departmental guidelines with respect to Urgent Reports.
(c)Closing documentation. At the conclusion of the Special Counsel's work, he or she shall provide the Attorney General with a confidential report explaining the prosecution or declination decisions reached by the Special Counsel.
§ 600.9 Notification and reports by the Attorney General.
(a) The Attorney General will notify the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member of the Judiciary Committees of each House of Congress, with an explanation for each action -
(1) Upon appointing a Special Counsel;
(2) Upon removing any Special Counsel; and
(3) Upon conclusion of the Special Counsels investigation, including, to the extent consistent with applicable law, a description and explanation of instances (if any) in which the Attorney General concluded that a proposed action by a Special Counsel was so inappropriate or unwarranted under established Departmental practices that it should not be pursued.
(b) The notification requirement in paragraph (a)(1) of this section may be tolled by the Attorney General upon a finding that legitimate investigative or privacy concerns require confidentiality. At such time as confidentiality is no longer needed, the notification will be provided.
(c) The Attorney General may determine that public release of these reports would be in the public interest, to the extent that release would comply with applicable legal restrictions. All other releases of information by any Department of Justice employee, including the Special Counsel and staff, concerning matters handled by Special Counsels shall be governed by the generally applicable Departmental guidelines concerning public comment with respect to any criminal investigation, and relevant law.
§ 600.10 No creation of rights.
The regulations in this part are not intended to, do not, and may not be relied upon to create any rights, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or equity, by any person or entity, in any matter, civil, criminal, or administrative.
